Pharmacist Ngozo

SICHILICHONSE MUKUYENERA KUPANGA NAWO.
**RA
Achinyamata anzanga, tiyeni tikambirane za Sildenafil (Vi**ra).
Sildenafil si mankhwala a masewera, ndi mankhwala ochizira vuto la erectile dysfunction.

> Amagwira ntchito potsegula mitsempha ya magazi kuti magazi apite ku chiwalo cha amuna.
Komanso amatsitsanso blood pressure yomwe ili ntchito yake number 1 yamankhwalawa.
> Ngati uli wathanzi koma umamwa sildenafil kuti uzichita bwino, ukhoza kuvulaza mtima wako, makamaka ukaphatikiza ndi mowa kapena chamba.
>Musamamwe sildenafil ngati mukukumwa mankhwala ama nitrates a mtima (monga Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) ndi Isosorbide Dinitrate, chifukwa BP imatha kutsika kwambiri — ndi koopsa zimwe zili zoopsa kwambiri.

>Sildenafil samateteza ku HIV kapena STI. Kondomu ndiyofunika nthawi zonse.

Mafunso ayankhidwa mma comment.
Zikomo

AWA APATSIDWE MANKHWALA ANJI?? Lero tikambirane za kuipa kolemba zosaoneka komanso kudzilembera nokha mankhwala.

1. Kuipa Kozilembera Nokha Mankhwala (Self-prescribing / unauthorised prescribing)

(a) Zimabweretsa ngozi kwa wodwala

Munthu akalemba mankhwala popanda assessment yoyenera, akhoza kupereka:
- Mlingo wolakwika

-Mankhwala osagwirizana ndi matenda

-Mankhwala omwe ali ndi drug interactions zoopsa.

(b) Kusayendera malamulo a ntchito
-Othandizira azachipatala amapatsidwa malire a ntchito (scope of practice).
-Kuzilembera nokha mankhwala kapena kulemba popanda chilolezo ndi kuphwanya malamulo a Ministry Of Health

(c) Kunyalanyaza ulamuliro wa a-pharmacist
- Mankhwala ayenera kudutsa njira: prescriber → pharmacy → dispensing.
-Kuzilembela nokha kumadumpha njira ya pharmacist, motero:
-Palibe medication review
-Palibe verification ya dosage
-Palibe kuonetsetsa kuti stock & records zikugwirizana.

(d) Zimabweretsa vuto pa record-keeping

-Self-prescribing nthawi zambiri sililembedwa mu register, stock card, HPCS, HMIS.

-Zimabweretsa stock variances, theft suspicions, audit findings ndi disciplinary actions.

2. Kuipa Kulemba Mankhwala Mosaoneka (Illegible writing)

(a) Zimayambitsa dispensing errors
-Akuluakulu a pharmacy amakhala ovutika kumvetsa mlingo, nthawi, kapena dzina la mankhwala.

Zimatha kubweretsa:

>Wrong dose

>Wrong medicine

>Wrong frequency

(b) Zimachedwetsa ntchito

Pharmacist amayenera:

> Kufunsa prescriber mobwerezabwereza

> Kuphonya nthawi yothandiza odwala

> Kuchita double-checking mopitirira muyeso.

(c) Zimachepetsa umboni wolemba (accountability)

Kalata yosaoneka bwino imalephera kudziwika yemwe anapanga decision.

(d) Zimasonyeza kupelewera ukaswiri

Wolemba mosalembedwa bwino amaonekeratu ngati:

> Wosalabadira
> Wopanda professionalism
> Wosatsatira Malawi standard treatment guidelines (MSTGs).
Aus Tin

DZIWANI IZI
Drug–Food Interactions Amene Anthu Ambiri Amawanyalanyaza .
Pali mankhwala ena amene amagwira ntchito mosiyana kapena kuchepa/kuchuluka mphamvu ngati tamwa limodzi ndi chakudya kapena zakumwa zina. Anthu ambiri samazindikira izi.

1. Mankhwala a BP (ma antihypertensive) + Madzi a Mandimu / Orange / Gr**efruit
Madzi a gr**efruit makamaka amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala moti munthu angakhale ndi BP yotsika kwambiri kapena zotsatira zoipa zambiri.
Amakhudza mankhwala monga: Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin.
Chenjezo: Pewani kumwa madzi a gr**efruit mukamamwa mankhwala.

2. Mankhwala a cholesterol (statins) + Madzi a Gr**efruit
Amatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kupweteka kwa minofu kapena kuwonongeka kwa impso.
mankhwala monga artovastatin
3. Antibiotics ena (doxycycline, tetracycline) + Mkaka kapena zinthu za mkaka
Mkaka umachepetsa kulowa m’thupi kwa mankhwala awa.
Zimachepetsa mphamvu yawo pochiza matenda.
Chenjezo: Dikirani osachepera 2 hours musamwe mkaka kapena dikirani 4 hours mutamwa mankhwala.
4. Mankhwala a BP kapena a mtima (ACE inhibitors/spironolactone) + Zakudya zokhala ndi Potassium zambiri
Mbatata, nthochi, avocado, madzi a coconut ali ndi potaziyamu.
Zitha kuwonjezera potaziyamu m’thupi, zomwe zingakhale zowopsa.
5. Warfarin (mankhwala oletsa kuuma kwa magazi) + Zakudya zobiriwira kwambiri
Mbatala, spinach, r**e, broccoli ziyenera kumwedwa m’lingo wokhazikika, osasiyanasiyana kwambiri.
Zakudyazi zili ndi Vitamin K, yemwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya warfarin.
6. Mankhwala a chifuwa/flu okhala ndi caffeine + Khofi kapena energy drinks
Zimatha kuonjezera kusakhazikika kwa mtima, mantha, ndi kugunda mtima mwachangu.
7. Metronidazole + Mowa
Zimakumana ndi kupangitsa:
Kusanza mwamphamvu
Mutu kupweteka,
Kugunda mtima kwambiri
Kutentha thupi
Chenjezo: Pewani mowa masiku 72 mutatha kumwa mankhwala.
8. Mankhwala a mphumu (theophylline) + Khofi / tea / chocolate
Zonsezi zili ndi caffeine ndipo zimatha kuwonjezera zoipa zosatira zakuchuluka caffeine nthupi, kugunda mtima mwachangu, ndi nseru.
9. Mankhwala ochepesa ma acid m'mimba (omeprazole) + Zakudya zamafuta zambiri
Zimachedwetsa kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndipo zimachepetsa mphamvu yake.
Malangizo Ofunika
Nthawi zonse werengani ma instructions a pa botolo la mankhwala.
Funsani wamankhwala (pharmacist ngozo) ngati simukudziwa zakudya zomwe muyenera kupewa.
Osasakaniza mankhwala ndi chakudya mopanda kufunsa akatswiri, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu.

CHIMFINE NDI FULUWENZA (cold and flue)

Muli bwanji ,Lero tikambirana za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala a chimfine ndi fuluwenza ogulitsidwa m’masitolo popanda prescription, m’Chichewa.

1. Dziwani chomwe mukuchiza
Mankhwala ambiri a chimfine amakhala ndi zosakaniza zambiri. Werengani chizindikiro kuti musamwe zinthu zomwe simukufunika kumwa

2. Yang’anani “active ingredients"
Mankhwala ambiri amakhala ndi izi:
• Acetaminophen/paracetamol(panado) kuletsa kupweteka ndi kutentha thupi.
• NSAIDs monga ibuprofen (olesa kupweteka ndi kutentha thupi
• Decongestants (kutsekula mphuno komanso kufewetsa mamina)monga pseudoephedrine kapena phenylephrine
• Dextromethorphan ochiza chifuwa (cough suppressant)
• Guaifenesin (kumathandiza kutsegura mphuno pofewetsa mamina)
• Antihistamines monga diphenhydramine,Chlorpheniramine(piliton)

3. Pewani kusakaniza mopitirira muyeso
Ngati mwamwa mankhwala osakaniza mitundu ingapo, musawonjezere acetaminophen/panado kapena NSAIDs ena panja. Anthu ambiri amamwa mopitirira muyeso mwangozi chifukwa cha izi.

4. Samalani ngati muli ndi matenda ena
• Matenda amtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi: Decongestants amatha kukweza kwambiri BP.
• Matenda a chiwindi: Samalani ndi acetaminophen/paracetamol
• Matenda a impso: Samalani ndi NSAIDs.

5. Dziwani zotsatira zake (ma side effects)
• Decongestants amayambisa kusagona.
• Antihistamines amayambitsa kugona/tulo.
• Mankhwala ochotsa chifuwa mopitirira muyeso angayambitse chizungulire.
• NSAIDs zingayambitse kupweteka m'mimba.

6. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yoyenera
• Pewani kumwa decongestants mukayandikira tulo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa masana ndi wa usiku moyenera.

7. Pewani kumwa mowa
Mowa umawonjeza chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa chiwindi ngati mukumwa acetaminophen/paracetamol komanso umakulitsa kugona ngati mukumwa antihistamines.

8. Tsatirani mlingo wolondola
Gwiritsani ntchito kapu yomwe yabwera ndi bokosi. Osangomwa ngati mukumwa thobwa

9. Ana amafunikira kusamala kwambiri
Musapatsire ana ang’ono mankhwala a akulu. Tsatirani malangizo a msinkhu omwe ali pa bokosi.

10. Pitani kuchipatala ngati zikuchulukirachulukira
Ngati zizindikiro zikupitiriza kupitirira sabata limodzi, zikukulirakulira, kapena mumavutika kupuma, funani thandizo la dokotala.

NOTE: AMOXICILLIN KAPENA MA ANTIBIOTIC ENA SIMANKHWALA A CHIMFINE NDI FULUWENZA

Lero Tikambirana za ma NSAID

NSAIDs ndi chiyani?
NSAIDs ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa ululu, kutupa, ndi kutentha thupi. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mmene amagwirira ntchito:
Amalepheretsa ma enzyme otchedwa COX-1 ndi COX-2. Ma enzyme amenewa amathandiza kupanga ma prostaglandins, omwe amayambitsa kutupa, ululu, ndi kutentha. Ngati prostaglandins achepa, ululu umachepa.

Zitsanzo za NSAIDs:
• Ibuprofen
• Naproxen
• Aspirin
• Diclofenac
• Celecoxib

Amathandiza pa zinthu izi:
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena minofu
• Ululu wa mafupa okalamba (arthritis)
• Mutu
• Ululu wa mwezi (menstrual cramps)
• Malungo
• Kupweteka chifukwa cha kuvulala pang’ono

Ubwino wake:
• Amayamba kugwira ntchito msanga
• Amachepetsa ululu komanso kutupa nthawi imodzi
• Ena amapezeka mosavuta m'masitolo popanda ma prescription

Zoopsa kapena zotsatira zake:
• Kumva kuchekacheka m'mimba kapena zilonda m'mimba
• Chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kutuluka magazi
• Vuto la impso ngati mutamwa nthawi yayitali
• Chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima pa ena mwa mankhwalawa
• Anthu a mphumu vuto limakura

Machenjezo ogwiritsa ntchito NSAIDs moyenera:
• Kumwa mlingo wochepa womwe ungagwire ntchito
• Kumwa ndi chakudya ngati mumamva kupweteka m'mimba
• Osasakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya NSAIDs nthawi imodzi
• Kafunsani dokotala ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, impso, kapena m'mimba.

List of some of topics that we will be discussing

1. Safe use of over-the-counter cold and flu medicines
2. Antibiotic awareness and resistance myths

3. Proper inhaler technique and common mistakes

4. Managing diabetes medications during festivals and travel

5. Understanding hypertension medicines and when to take them

6. Tips for medication adherence for chronic conditions

7. Drug–food interactions people often overlook

MUCHICHEWA
Ndanda wa zina mwa dzokambirana zomwe titayambire.
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chimfine ndi kuzizira popanda kulemba

2. Kudziwa zoona ndi zabodza za antibiotic resistance

3. Mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler molondola

4. Kasamalidwe ka mankhwala a shuga makamaka nthawi ya ulendo kapena zikondwerero

5. Kumvetsetsa mankhwala a BP ndi nthawi yoyenera kumwa

6. Mmene munthu angakhalire wokhulupirika pa kumwa mankhwala a matenda aakulu

7. Zolakwika za mankhwala ndi chakudya zomwe anthu amanyalanyaza