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What causes women's osteoporosis??

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𝐂𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐤𝐚 𝐐𝐚𝐚𝐱𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚: 𝐓𝐚𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐢𝐤𝐡 𝐊𝐨𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐧

Sannad kasta bisha Maarso 24, waxaa loo asteeyey in ay noqoto maalinta xuska aafada cuddur ka Qaaxada, si kor loogu qaado wacyigelinta lana dardargeliyo qorshayaasha ku wajahan ka hortagga, hoos u dhigga faquuqista dadka cuddur ku assiibay, iyo daawaynta.

Qaaxadu waa mid ka mida cudurrada guunka ah ee intii dunidu jirtayba galaafanayey dad tiro badan. Sida haayada caafimaadka aduunka ee WHO baafisay qaaxadu waxay galaafatay 1.3 milyan qof sannadkii 2022. Dadka ay qaaxadu ku dhacdaa 50% way u geeriyoodaan hadaanay dawo helin. Halka, dad ka la nool cuddur ka HIV-AIDS ka ee qaaxaduna ku dhacdaa haddaan la dawayn ay dhamaantood u geeriyoodaan[1].

Waxaa la aaminsanyahay in jilibka maykobactiriyaam tu ( Genus Mycobacterium) uu dunida joogay muddo lagu qiyaasay 150 milyan oo sano. Faraca u h**eeyey ee Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ka yimid Geeska Afrika. Sidoo kale, xoggo baddan ayaa dhowaanahan soo baxaya ayaa tibaaxaya in nooca bacteeriyada (strains of M. tuberculosis), maanta dunida joogtaa isku meel ka soo farcantay muddo laga joogo 15000 ilaa 20,000 oo sano[2].

Baddhitaanno lagu sameeyey qubuuraha masaaridii h**e (Mummies, 2400 B.C-3400 B.C) ayaa lagu arkay calaamado la xidhiidha qaaxada lafaha ku dhacda[3]. Qoraalladii u h**eeyey ee cuddurka qaaxada ku saabsan waxaa laga qoray dalalka Hindiya (3300 oo sannadood ka hor) iyo Shiinaha (2300 oo sannadood ka hor)[4].

Sidoo kale, qoraallada laga soo gaadhay Giriigii h**e waxaa ku xusan cudur ay ugu yeedheen “Phthisis’ macna ahaan na u dhow “ wayd ama waydoobid”. Qeexitaanka uu ka sameeyey cudurkan Hippocrates, buugiisa “Book I, Of the Epidemics, waxay aad ugu dhowyihiin calaamadaha qaaxada.

Cahdigii Roomanka cudurka qaaxada lama aqoon hasayeeshee aasaar dhuleed beryo dambe la baadhay ayaa lagu arkay in cuddurka qaaxadu qaarada yurub ku badnaa.

Qarnigii dhexe ayay reer Yurub aqoonsadeen Tb qanjoodda. Waddamada ingiriiska iyo Faransiiskana waxaa looga yaqaanay durrada boqorka “ King’s evil” waxaana lagu dawayn jiray taabashada iyo ducada boqorka.

Ugu dambayn qarnigii 16-aad ayay reer Yurub fahmeen cuddurka qaaxada iyo sida uu u fido, hasayeeshee daawayntiisa wakhti dambe ayaa la helay.

Qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad, qoraallo badan ayaa laga sameyeey cuddurka qaaxada sida , Opera Medica oo uu qoray Francis Sylvius, 1679 iyo A new theory of Consumption oo uu qoray Benjamin Marten , 1720.

Halkaas marka ay maraysay, waxaa bilaabmay fahanbadan iyo baadhid badan oo lagu ogaaday in cuddurkani aanu ku koobnayn sanbabada iyo qanjidha oo keliya ee badiba jidhka intiisa kalena uu ku dhici karo, sida mindhicirrada, kaadimareenka, laqafa iyo neerfaha. Ibafurkan waxaa hormuud ka ahaa dhakhtar lagu magacaabo Theophile Laennec (1819) oo u dhashay Faransiiska, sidoo kalena dhakhtarkani waxa uu wax ka qoray calaamadah/nabarrada cuddurkani sanbabada ku sameeyo.

Ereyga “Tuberculosis “ waxaa markii koobaad adeegsaday dhakhtar Jarmal oo magaciisa la odhan jiray Johann Schonlein sannadii 1834. Intaas ka bacdi qarnigii 19-aad waxaa bilaabmay doodo cilmiyeed ku saabsan cuddurka qaaxada waxa keena . Aragtiyo baddan ayaana jiray berigaas, qolo waxay qabtay in cuddurkani yahay mid faafa oo dadku kala qaadaan , halka dhinaca kale doodaha odhanaya waa heredity oo waa la kala dhaxlaa iyo waa nooc Kansar ah, aad u xooganaayeen.

Muddo ka bacdi, sannadkii 1882, dhakhar Jarmal oo la odhan jiray Robert Koch ayaa ku guulaystay in uu Bakteeriyada ka sooco dhiiga xoolaha, islajeerkaana beero ( culture) . Intaas wixii ka dambeeyey waxaa cagta la saaray dhabbada Sayiska casriga ah, 1907-1908, Clemens iyo Charles Mantoux ayaa ku guulaystay samaysta shaybaadhka maqaarka ( Tb skin test).

Dhanka dawada iyo marxalada ay soo martay hadaynu in kooban is dul taagno.

Soomaalidii h**e “baanasho” ayay kula tacaalli jirtay qofka caddurka qaaxadu haleelo. Bukaanka inta geed loo waabo ayaa neef shilis oo ido ah loo qalijiray.

1943, Selman Waksman, Elizabeth Bugie, and Albert Schatz ayaa ku guulaystay in helaan Streptomycin, oo noqotay antibayootigii u h**eysay lagu daweeyo cuddurka qaaxada.

Intaas ka bacdi, afarta antibayootig ee muhiim ka ah ayaa la helay, isoniazid (1951), pyrazinamide (1952), ethambutol (1961), and rifampin (1966), waxaana lagu guulasytay daawaynta cuddurka qaaxada oo tan iyo intii dunidu jirtayba lebbinta ka haystay bani’aadamka. Wallow xilliyo dambe ay soo baxeen in bakteeriyadu la qabsato dawada isna dhalangedido , haseyeeshee , hawshaas cusub ee soo korodhaynna markii waxaa loo helay dawooyin culus oo lagula tacaalo. Dawooyinkaani waa kuwo ka dhib badan kuwa h**e saamayntooda tabbanna ay bukaanka dhib badan u gaysato.

[1] “Tuberculosis (TB).” Accessed: Mar. 24, 2024. [Online].
[2] “Scopus preview - Scopus - Document details - Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination.” Accessed: Mar. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available:
[3] E. Crubézy, B. Ludes, J.-D. Poveda, J. Clayton, B. Crouau-Roy, and D. Montagnon, “Identification of Mycobacterium DNA in an Egyptian Pott’s disease of 5400 years old,” Comptes Rendus Académie Sci. - Ser. III - Sci. Vie, vol. 321, no. 11, pp. 941–951, Nov. 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0764-4469(99)80009-2.
[4] “Morse: Tuberculosis in ancient Egypt - Google Scholar.” Accessed: Mar. 26, 2024.

Dr.Suleyman Hersi
MBBS, MMed.

Bulshadu ha taxadarto. Waxay u badantahay in Omicron Variant wadan ka soo galaye.

𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐃𝐚𝐲: 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐞
𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗮 𝗫𝘂𝘀𝗸𝗮 𝗔𝗮𝗳𝗮𝗱𝗮 𝗫𝗮𝗻𝘂𝘂𝗻𝗸𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗮𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗮/𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗸𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮
𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗸𝘂𝗱𝗵𝗲𝗴𝗮:

Halkudhega xuska maalinta caalamiga ah ee aafada xanuunka macaanka 2021 "Helida daryeel wanaagsan- hadaan iminka la helin, goorma?".

Halku dhegani wuxuu gudbinaa farriin ah in wakhtiga ugu haboon la helo daryeel wanaagsan. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku dhiiri gelinayaa, kuna baraarujinayaa bulshada in ay ka warhayso aafada xanuunka macaanka , isla markaanka h**e u gaadhaan goobaha caafimaadka ee Talada iyo Dawadaba lagu hayo.
Sidoo kalena, la qaato lana fuliyo talooyinka bahda caafimaadka, ee aqoonta gaarka ah u leh, maaraynta xanuunada Macaanka/Sonkorta

Maalinta Stroke ( Faaliga ) Adduunka waa October 29 ( 29ka Oktoobar ):

Fadhiga ka kac. Samee isbeddelo yaryar si aad u wanaajiso shaqada maskaxdaada oo aad uga hortagto istaroogga ama faaliga.

Faaligu ma kala soocaan qof cad iyo qof madow. Faaligu wuxuu ku dhici karaa qof kasta, da' kasta. Qiyaastii mid ka mid ah afartii qof ee adduunka ku nool waxa ku dhici doona istaroog inta uu nool yahay.

Si looga hortago faaliga, waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo waxyaabaha khatarta ah ee keena.
Qaar ka mid ah arrimaha keena ee khatarta ah - sida da'da, jinsiga, dalka iyo taariikhda xanuun ee qoyska - ayaa ka baxsan xakamayntaada.
Laakiin waxaad xakameyn kartaa arrimaha kale ee khatarta leh ee keena faaliga - sida dhiig-karka, Macaanka, Sabogowga, balwada qaadka iyo sigaar-ka iyo qaar kale oo badan.

Caadooyinka caafimaadka qaba ayaa ilaalin kara oo wanaajin kara shaqada maskaxdaada - taas oo sidoo kale hoos u dhigi karta khatarta faaliga.

Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah tillaabooyinka aad qaadi karto kuwaas oo kaa caawin kara ka hortagga faaliga:

* La soco cadaadiska dhiiggaaga.
* Xakamee kolestaroolkaaga.
* Iska ilaali sonkorta dhiigaaga.
*Jimicso.
* Si fiican wax u cun.
* Iska yaree miisaanka haddii aad u baahato.
* Ha cabbin sigaarka.
• Qaado daawooyinka, sida aspirin, sida dhakhtarku u qoro.
* Aspirin kuma haboona qof walba, markaa hubi inaad la hadasho dhakhtarkaaga ka hor inta aanad bilaabin daawada asbiriinta.

Act F.A.S.T.

Dhaqdhaqaaqa degdega ah waxay noqon kartaa farqiga u dhexeeya soo kabashada iyo naafanimada.
Isticmaal xarfaha F.A.S.T. si loo ogaado calaamadaha faaliga oo la ogaado goorta la wacayo xaruumaha Caafimadka.

1. Face Drooping ( Wajiga oo dhaca )

Hal dhinac wejigu hoos miyuu u dhacayaa mise wuu ka boobyoonaya?
Weydii qofka inuu dhoola cadeeyo.
Dhoola cadeyntu miyay simantahay?

2. Arm Weakness ( Cudud Daciifnimo )

Mid ka mid ah gacantu ma daciif baa ama kabuubyo?
Weydii qofka inuu kor u qaado labada gacmood. Hal gacan ma hoos bay u socotaa?

3. Speech ( Hadal )

HADALKU MIYUU SOO BIXI WAAYEY?
Qofku ma awoodo inuu hadlo mise wuu ku adag yahay inuu fahmo?
Weydii qofka inuu ku celiyo jumlad fudud, sida "cirku waa buluug."

4. Time to Call for Help ( Waqtiga la wacayo Caawimo Caafimad )

Haddii uu qofku muujiyo calaamadahan mid ka mid ah, xitaa haddii calaamaduhu kaa tagaan, wac xaruumaha caafimadka oo isla markiiba gee bukaanka isbitaalka.

Xigasho Dr Mohamed Carab.